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A congressional Republican says the House and Senate have tentatively agreed to prevent interest rates on new college loans from doubling to 6.8 percent this Sunday.?
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During hibernation, the ground squirrel's brain loses many vital neural connections, but it has evolved a way to recuperate. Understanding that process might help scientists treat Alzheimer's
?| June 26, 2012?|
In this groundbreaking adventure into the worlds of psychopaths, the renowned psychologist Kevin Dutton argues that there is a fine line between a brilliant...
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Every September arctic ground squirrels in Alaska, Canada and Siberia retreat into burrows more than a meter beneath the tundra, curl up in nests built from grass, lichen and caribou hair, and begin to hibernate. As their lungs and hearts slow, the rivers of blood flowing through their bodies dwindle and their core body temperatures plummet, dipping below the freezing point of water. Electrical signals zipping along crisscrossing neural highways vanish in many areas of the brain. Seven months later the squirrels wake up and return to the surface?famished, eager to mate and perfectly healthy.
How hibernating mammals survive for so long at such low temperatures without any food or water beyond what they have stored in their own fat fascinates scientists for many reasons. Hibernation is an amazing biological feat and an opportunity to learn new ways of pushing the human body beyond its ostensible limits, as well as healing it when it breaks down. The arctic ground squirrel's brain, in particular, seems to be incredibly resilient. When ground squirrels hibernate their neurons shrink and many connections between neurons shrivel. But their brains periodically compensate for this loss with massive growth spurts, multiplying neural links beyond what existed before hibernation. Learning how the ground squirrel's brain recuperates could not only help scientists understand the brain's plasticity, but also suggest new ways to reverse or prevent cellular damage in neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, recent research on hibernating brains is changing the way some scientists think about misshapen tau proteins, which are a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease.
Brain freeze
Most small hibernating mammals?hamsters, hedgehogs, bats?turn down their body's thermostat during hibernation, relinquishing one of the defining features of all mammals: warm blood. Arctic ground squirrels are the most extreme example. In August 1987 Brian Barnes of the University of Alaska Fairbanks (U.A.F.) captured 12 arctic ground squirrels and implanted tiny temperature-sensitive radio transmitters in the animals' abdomens. He transported the squirrels to outdoor enclosures in Fairbanks?wire cages with borders reaching more than 1.2 meters belowground. By September the ground squirrels had dug burrows within the enclosures and begun to hibernate. Their body temperatures dropped to ?2.9 degrees Celsius, almost three degrees below the freezing point of freshwater and probably the lowest core body temperature ever recorded in a living mammal. Despite this, ground squirrel blood remains liquid, most likely through a phenomenon known as supercooling.
In laboratory experiments, Barnes also measured the temperature of various body parts as the squirrels hibernated in a chamber kept at ?4.3 degrees C. Although their colons, feet and bellies dropped below zero C, their necks never grew colder than 0.7 degree C, suggesting that the brain remains a little warmer than the rest of the body. Most mammals would die within hours if their brains were cooled so low, yet ground squirrel brains survived near freezing temperatures for weeks at a time. Every two to three weeks the squirrels shivered themselves back to their typical body temperature of 36.4 degrees C, which they maintained for 12 to 15 hours before becoming frozen pop-squirrels once more. Later, scientists would confirm that these intermittent periods of arousal are crucial to the ground squirrels' survival?without them their brains would wither long before spring's arrival.
Doom and bloom
Hibernation devastates the ground squirrel brain, wilting thousands if not millions of vital connections between brain cells, known as synapses. But its brain has evolved impressive resilience, repeatedly renewing itself at astonishing speeds, like a forest erupting through the scorched earth in a matter of days. Victor Popov of the Institute of Cell Biophysics in Russia discovered some of the earliest evidence of this plasticity. In the early 1990s Popov and his colleagues captured wild Siberian ground squirrels and kept them in temperature-controlled enclosures as they hibernated. The researchers sacrificed different animals at three distinct stages?during hibernation; two hours after one of the intermittent arousal periods; or one day after emerging from hibernation?and removed their brains to stain and examine the neurons within the hippocampus, an area crucial for memory. Neurons from squirrels that were in the middle of hibernation were shrunken and had far fewer dendrites?branches that receive signals from other neurons?compared with brain cells from fully awake and aroused squirrels. The dendrites in hibernating brains also had fewer dendritic spines, which jut out from the main branch like thorns on a rose stem and increase the number of possible synapses with nearby cells.
Whereas neurons in hibernating brains looked like barren tree limbs in the dead of winter, brain cells from squirrels that had just emerged from hibernation into a period of arousal sported dense crowns of overlapping dendrites. In only two hours the squirrels' brains had not only compensated for all the synapses lost during hibernation?their brain cells now boasted many more links than those of an active squirrel in the spring or summertime. One day later, however, their brains had pruned many of these ties, probably recognizing them as superfluous, much the way the developing mammalian brain shears its blooming neural forest.
Since Popov's study other researchers have observed similar loss and recovery of synapses in the brains of hibernating hamsters and hedgehogs. In a 2006 study Craig Heller of Stanford University discovered that the hibernating brain is incredibly plastic overall, not just in the hippocampus. Heller thinks that squirrels and similar hibernators lose dendrites during hibernation because their metabolism is too slow and their brains too cold and idle to keep those living wires in working condition.
Perhaps it's more efficient to let them shrivel, like a houseplant withering from neglect, and quickly nurse them back to life during those intermittent bouts of arousal. That way the mammals save as much energy as possible yet still preserve vital neural connections. Even so, researchers have estimated that many small hibernating mammals devote between 80 and 90 percent of all energy used during hibernation to keeping their brains alive.
Protective proteins?
Although scientists have documented structural changes to cells in the hibernating squirrel's brain, they do not yet understand what triggers the brain's recovery. Thomas Arendt of the University of Leipzig in Germany thinks the answer may involve a protein named tau. Normally, tau proteins help stabilize long, ropelike components of a cell's scaffolding called microtubules; tau keeps the many threads in the rope tightly bundled. When, for unknown reasons, tau proteins become hyperphosphorylated?that is, burdened with too many phosphate groups?they change shape and start clumping together inside neurons. As a result, microtubules grow slack and cells lose their shapes and stop functioning properly. Researchers know that misshapen tau proteins build up in the brain cells of people with various neurodegenerative disorders?notably Alzheimer's?but it is not yet clear whether distorted tau proteins in part cause such disorders or whether they are a side effect of the true causes.
Arendt and his colleagues discovered that hyperphosphorylated tau accumulates in the brains of hibernating European ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus). The more synapses the rodents' brains lost during hibernation, the more hyperphosphorylated tau accrued in their neurons. Within a few hours of emerging from hibernation into a period of arousal, however, the squirrels somehow scoured tau from their brains. As one way of revealing this process Arendt stained slices of brain tissue from hibernating and aroused squirrels with a dye that binds specifically to tau proteins that carry extra phosphate groups. The difference was startling. Brain tissue from hibernating squirrels was generally dark and as black as ink in some areas, whereas tissue from aroused and non-hibernating animals was completely unblemished. Arendt thinks that hyperphosphorylated tau proteins accumulate during hibernation to prevent neurons from losing even more synapses than they do and, possibly, to play a role in the swift recovery of synapses during arousal. Hyperphosphorylated tau also accumulates in the developing mammalian brain, but largely disappears soon after birth, when the brain is pruning unnecessary connections. Perhaps, Arendt proposes, tau usually protects neurons, but malfunctions in the brains of people with Alzheimer's, analogous to an overreactive immune systems in people with autoimmune disorders.
Recently, Arendt and Barnes collaborated on a study that further investigated tau proteins in hibernating ground squirrels, hamsters and black bears. Clumps of hyperphosphorylated tau gathered in the bear brains during hibernation, even more reminiscent of the clusters of misshapen proteins observed in the neurons of people with Alzheimer's. Unlike ground squirrels and hamsters, black bears do not drop in body temperature much during hibernation nor do they enter periodic bouts of arousal. Rather, they remain in mild continuous hibernation all winter. Without intermittent arousals to clear hyperphosphorylated tau from their brains, Arendt proposes, hibernating black bears tiptoe perilously close to neurodegeneration, but somehow manage to reverse the damage when they wake up in the spring. Although these ideas about tau are controversial, Arendt and other scientists are pursuing related research because hibernating animals offer an opportunity to study Alzheimer's and related disorders in ways that would be unethical to replicate with the human brain.
Hibernating mammals may also give scientists a way to study the brain's untapped potential. Throughout history, neuroscientists have learned a lot about how typical brains work from brains that were unusual or damaged?organs that lacked the usual bridge of neural tissue between the two hemispheres or had large holes in a particular region. The hibernating brain, in contrast, reveals the extraordinary talents hidden in the typical mammalian brain. Some recent studies by Kelly Drew of U.A.F. and her colleagues suggest that even when a hibernating mammal is awake in the spring and summer its brain remains resistant to the kind of oxygen deprivation and neuronal damage that often result from heart attacks and stroke. When small mammals first evolved hibernation, their energy-hungry brains were put in an impossible situation: survive half the year with almost no oxygen or nutrition and emerge from the whole ordeal unscathed. Evidently, hibernation did not kill the brain?it only made it stronger.
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Back in May of this year, in the US, a woman was arrested after an incident occurred after spilling soup down her front while driving. In her shock she stopped her car in a dangerous place oblivious to any traffic. After much mayhem, she was spotted by some studious policemen who arrested her ? not only for reckless driving, but also for driving under the influence of alcohol. It makes you wonder what was in her soup and, also which foods are the most difficult to eat while you are carrying out your haulage work?
Coffee; plain or fancy
To anyone carrying out serious haulage work, coffee usually comes in one temperature ? hot. There are those fancy cold drinks that are sometimes called coffee, but they are basically ice cold milk with a coffee flavour. However, they can be just as cumbersome when they leave the cup and fail to arrive in your mouth accurately. If you are heading home after a long day?s work, or just starting out from home, you might need some caffeine to give you a boost. The problem starts with the lid. They might fit well the first time they are fixed in the shop, but as soon as you try to take a drink, they fall off, move and drip hot coffee all over you. This could easily cause you to take your mind off the road for a split second ? causing disaster. Breaking for a traffic light can also guarantee that coffee will spill, so invest in a cup holder.
Soup
This isn?t a debate about whether you should choose plain soup or one of those full of vegetables that looks more like a Sunday lunch than a soup. This is about hot drinks when you are carrying out your haulage work. Soup is like coffee ? usually hot, hot, hot! In some instances, if you inadvertently have some spillage, soup can cause even more angst than a coffee in your lap. Ouch ? stay attentive, those Styrofoam cups retain heat very well!
Tacos
Tacos are a bit of a job to eat while sitting in a Mexican restaurant, let alone on the road while doing haulage work! Like crisps, however hard you try to have the crumbs fall into your mouth as you eat, they invariably choose any distracting moment to fall off and into the deepest crevice in your vehicle ? which is always too hard to find when your vehicle is stationery, let alone doing 60 MPH in the overtaking lane.
Chilli
Whoever first thought that chilli was the right food to eat to keep you warm while driving probably didn?t account for the fact that this is a meal best eaten with a spoon and fork on a plate, at a table. The same people eating chilli probably attempt breakfast cereals with milk while doing haulage work.
Ribs and Sushi
You need to look at the ribs while you are eating them, to find the meat. That means you have at least one eye off the road ? short answer, don?t do it. Like fried chicken, ribs also have a tendency to coat your hands in goo that really shouldn?t come into contact with your radio controls, or your indicators. And do we really need to mention the wisdom of eating sushi with chopsticks while you drive? Unless you want a poke in the eye and a potential disaster don?t even consider it.
Norman Dulwich is a Correspondent for Haulage Exchange, the leading online trade network for the road transport industry across the UK and Europe. It provides services for matching haulage work and to buy and sell road transport and haulage work in the domestic and international markets.
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FILE- This Tuesday, June 12, 2012, photo shows a Verizon sign at a Verizon store in Mountain View, Calif. Verizon Wireless agreed Monday, June 25, 2012 to sell some wireless spectrum rights to T-Mobile USA and swap others. Verizon says it would improve the ability of both companies to offer fast wireless data services. (AP Photo/Paul Sakuma, File)
FILE- This Tuesday, June 12, 2012, photo shows a Verizon sign at a Verizon store in Mountain View, Calif. Verizon Wireless agreed Monday, June 25, 2012 to sell some wireless spectrum rights to T-Mobile USA and swap others. Verizon says it would improve the ability of both companies to offer fast wireless data services. (AP Photo/Paul Sakuma, File)
NEW YORK (AP) ? Verizon Wireless on Monday said that it has agreed to sell some wireless spectrum rights to T-Mobile USA and swap others, in a continuing quest to get regulators to approve a bigger spectrum deal it has worked out with a consortium of cable companies and another wireless carrier.
The deal with T-Mobile USA would improve the ability of both companies to offer fast wireless data services, Verizon said.
T-Mobile, the fourth-largest U.S. wireless company, is particularly starved for spectrum compared to its larger competitors, and regulators are likely to favor a deal that would improve its position.
Neither T-Mobile nor Verizon said what T-Mobile would pay Verizon for the spectrum. Sanford Bernstein analysts Robin Bienenstock and Craig Moffett estimated the amount at $260 million, figuring that T-Mobile is getting the spectrum at a roughly 50 percent discount.
The Verizon-T-Mobile deal is contingent upon Verizon getting government approval for three deals to buy spectrum from cable companies and Leap Wireless for a total of about $4 billion. Those deals were struck in November and December, but have met resistance from public-interest groups who say the cellphone company, already the nation's largest, doesn't need more spectrum and shouldn't be cozying up to competitors such as the cable companies.
T-Mobile had also opposed the Verizon-cable deals, saying they would place an "excessive concentration" of spectrum in Verizon's hands. Verizon is the largest cellphone company in the country, and has a relatively strong spectrum position already.
Harold Feld, senior vice president at public-interest group Public Knowledge, said Verizon is trying to "buy off" T-Mobile.
"The true danger lies not only in the concentration of spectrum in the hands of the leading wireless provider, but with the cozy, cartel-like arrangements between Verizon, Comcast, and the other (cable companies) party to the deal," Feld said.
As part of the deal, Verizon and the cable companies agreed to resell each other's services in their stores. Verizon Communications Inc., the New York-based phone company that controls Verizon Wireless, sells home broadband and TV services that compete with cable.
Cellphone companies need spectrum rights, or slots on the airwaves, to do business, much like radio stations do. With the growth of wireless data use, cellphone companies have a newfound need for more spectrum. The amount of spectrum they have available in any area determines the maximum download speeds they can offer.
To get the deals with the cable companies and Leap cleared, Verizon has already offered to auction other airwaves it isn't using.
T-Mobile, which is a unit of Deutsche Telekom AG of Germany, said the Verizon deal encompasses spectrum in 218 areas, and would improve its spectrum position in 15 of the top 25 markets in the U.S., notably Philadelphia, Washington, Detroit and Seattle.
T-Mobile hopes to put the spectrum to use as early as next year, if the Federal Communications Commission approves the deal this summer.
"This is good for T-Mobile and good for consumers, because it will enable T-Mobile to compete even more vigorously with other wireless carriers," T-Mobile USA CEO Philipp Humm said, in a statement.
Deutsche Telekom shares fell 2.3 percent in European trading, in line with the overall market. Verizon shares fell 0.7 percent, less than the broader markets.
Shares of Sprint Nextel Corp. sank more than 6 percent on news of the deal. There has been speculation that the No. 3 cellphone company would work out some kind of deal with T-Mobile USA.
Shares of Dish Network Corp., the satellite company, also sank on the news, dropping almost 5 percent. The company has spectrum rights that would be valuable to phone companies, but says it will use the rights to build its own network.
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5 hrs.
The Japanese design studio Takram was asked to design a water bottle for people to use after a hypothetical future environmental disaster. Takram, imagining what a world would be like with rising sea levels and radioactive disasters, thought that we probably wouldn?t be carrying around water bottles. Instead, they designed an entirely new organ system, to be implanted in the body, that would mean we used less water in the first place.
Its solution, called the Hydrolemic System, involves both harvesting more moisture from the air than our current unmodified bodies are capable of, and also doing more to retain the water we have. The company imagines that system would require us to drink 0.1 cups of water a day.
Inserts that go in our noses convert moisture in the air we breathe into water, and other inserts at the ends of our renal and digestive systems keep water from leaving by those routes. A collar on our neck helps prevent perspiration by turning our body heat into electricity, so it doesn?t make us perspire, losing precious liquid.
Click through the slide show for more details.
Let's?hope for a world in which our designers are just designing water bottles with more convenient handles, rather than ones you have to go to the hospital to have installed.
Morgan Clendaniel?is ?editor of Co.Exist.
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An ancient Chinese exercise may give your memory a lift, according to new research.
University of South Florida and Fudan University scientists found that elderly Chinese people who practiced Tai Chi thrice weekly for eight months did better on memory tests than those who didn't do Tai Chi.
These people also experienced growth in brain volume, which is promising considering before dementia, the brain actually shrinks because of lost nerve connections, researchers said.
"The ability to reverse this trend with physical exercise and increased mental activity implies that it may be possible to delay the onset of dementia in older persons through interventions that have many physical and mental health benefits," study researcher Dr. James Mortimer, professor of epidemiology at the University of South Florida College of Public Health, said in a statement.
The Journal of Alzheimer's Disease study included 120 elderly people from Shanghai, China, who were assigned to do one of three things for eight weeks -- Tai Chi, walking or social interaction. Some were also assigned to do none of the interventions.
The researchers found that people who took part in "lively discussion" thrice weekly also had brain volume boosts, as well as improvements in brain functioning (although at a lesser extent as with the Tai Chi).
"Epidemiologic studies have shown repeatedly that individuals who engage in more physical exercise or are more socially active have a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease," Mortimer added. "The current findings suggest that this may be a result of growth and preservation of critical regions of the brain affected by this illness."
Previously, a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed that a kind of Chinese mindfulness meditation practice called integrative body-mind training was linked to positive brain changes that could be protective against mental illness.
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Tesla Motors, the electric car company founded by PalPal founder and all-around tech industry badass Elon Musk, today began shipments of the Model S, the electricity-powered sedan it first unveiled back in 2009. Above we've embedded a livestream of the event, being held right now in Fremont, California.michelle williams the descendants the descendants homeland homeland packers giants game golden globe winners 2012
FLINT, Mich. (AP) ? Hey, was that a bark?
With 18 full-time enforcers, a Michigan county is going door-to-door to find dogs that don't have a license, an effort that could raise more than $250,000 in fees this summer.
More than 1,700 dog owners in Genesee County bought licenses during a two-week amnesty when delinquent fees were waived. Now the campaign is getting serious with workers prepared to sell licenses on the spot or write tickets in the county 50 miles north of Detroit.
Tommie Johnson, a retiree who coordinates the dog census, tells The Flint Journal (http://bit.ly/MfgUWd) that many roads "have never been touched before."
He said people have told him, "'I've been living here 40 years and nobody ever bothered me."
College student Mandya Burnett wears a necklace of metal licenses as she does her job. Tickets can be dismissed if an owner later produces a rabies certificate and $40, four times the usual fee for a dog that has been spayed or neutered.
"People come to the door asking, 'Why are you coming to my house?' We're going all over Genesee County," Burnett said.
Workers travel in pairs and are told to write down addresses where a dog might live but no one answered. Johnson advises them to avoid conflict.
"In this day and age, people get up on the wrong side of the bed and are just looking for a confrontation," he said.
In a Flint neighborhood, Mark Walker, 51, showed a license for Rocky, his German Shepherd.
"You'll find in this area, 95 percent of dogs are licensed," he said. "It's your responsibility ... but some neighborhoods, people really can't afford it."
___
Information from: The Flint Journal, http://www.mlive.com/flint
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Kim Kardashian may be krushing on Kanye West, but she's far from finished with the past loves of her irritating life.
Insiders tell Radar Online that Kris Humphries and his legal team are "gathering information" from this reality star's ex-lovers - in particular Reggie Bush - and considering whether or not to subpoena them as part of Kris and Kim's ongoing divorce battle.
What information could Bush possibly provide in a deposition? Some kind of proof, Humphries hopes, that Kardashian is insincere in relationships and always seeking fame and fortune above romance.
Kardashian's lawyer, meanwhile, is taking a similar approach.
He is requiring Myla Sinanaj to appear in court at a later date in order to reveal details of her time dating the NBA power forward.
How has Kris fired back? By claiming Kris Jenner orchestrated the Kim Kardashian sex tape and that this is an example of how the family plots and schemes in every circumstance, manipulating situations and feelings to fit their marketing agenda.
We wouldn't make any long-term plans out of the country, Ray J. You're clearly next.
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'Magnetic emulsions' clean up oil
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(Reuters) - U.S. authorities said on Wednesday they expect this week to seize a 70-million-year-old dinosaur skeleton that was discovered in Mongolia more than 65 years ago and now is stored in New York and at the center of an international legal dispute.
A federal judge in New York has signed a warrant that allows the U.S. Department of Homeland Security to seize the skeleton of the Tyrannosaurus bataar - an Asian cousin of the North American Tyrannosaurus rex - from Dallas-based Heritage Auctions.
"We should have it by the end of the week," said Luis Martinez, a spokesman for U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.
The seizure will be a "major step forward" for the government of Mongolia, which is claiming sovereign ownership and seeking the skeleton's return, said Robert Painter, a Houston attorney who represents Mongolian President Elbegdorj Tsakhia.
The skeleton - 8 feet (2.4m) tall and 24 feet (7.3m) long - has been stored in crates in New York City since Heritage sold it at auction to an unidentified buyer for more than $1 million on May 20.
At the request of the Mongolian government, a U.S. District judge in Dallas issued a restraining order preventing the skeleton from being moved or the ownership transferred while the dispute is pending.
Manhattan U.S. Attorney Preet Bharara filed a lawsuit on Monday seeking the forfeiture of the nearly intact skeleton and its return to the Mongolian government.
In New York, U.S. District Judge Kevin Castel on Tuesday issued an order to seize the fossil, ruling there was probable cause it was subject to forfeiture under federal laws.
"From a legal standpoint, the U.S. government's lawsuit shifts the burden of proof from Mongolia to Heritage and others who might make a claim to its ownership," Painter said.
Heritage officials have said they will continue to cooperate with authorities. They say the skeleton was legally obtained and brought to auction by a reputable consignor.
"We believe our consignor purchased fossils in good faith, then spent a year of his life and considerable expense identifying, restoring, mounting and preparing what had previously been a much less valuable matrix of unassembled, underlying bones and bone fragments," Jim Halperin, co-chairman of Heritage Auctions, said in a statement. "We sincerely hope there is a just and fair outcome for all parties."
Federal officials said smugglers made false statements about the skeleton when it was imported into the United States from Britain in 2010. The skeleton did not originate in Britain nor was its value only $15,000 as claimed, they said.
The skeleton was discovered in 1946 during a joint Soviet-Mongolian expedition to the Gobi Desert in Mongolia's Omnogovi Province, Bharara said. Mongolia has had laws in place since 1924 prohibiting the export of dinosaur fossils that are considered national treasures and government property.
Heritage Auctions and the Mongolian government agreed in May to jointly investigate the ownership of the skeleton. Several paleontologists examined the skeleton several weeks ago and determined it was removed from the western Gobi Desert in Mongolia between 1995 and 2005.
(Editing by Daniel Trotta and Bill Trott)
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Nail the flooring installation requires skills and even some professional installers spend a lot of physical effort while. It is useful to learn how novice installers can do the job faster and easier, some of these techniques and basic skills. Here are some steps:
Make sure that the equipment supplied to the object in advance, preferably two or three days. During this time he will acquire the ambient temperature and humidity where it should be installed.
Do not rush the box open with hardwood and start working. First check all the boxes when they have the same color, and compare the number of series. Sometimes happy customers buy supplies for sale, where sellers can either mix the lot numbers listed by an accident or the remains of the remaining shares.
The humidity for hardwood ? it?s worst enemies of a hardwood, so always to pre-install. If it turns out, it will be above the normal value, it is best to wait, and never commit the client?s request to install the floor as quickly as possible. Many types of wood can warp from excessive moisture.
In addition, the moisture of the paint and wall tile on wood quality. Therefore, it is important to begin to install hardwood after all the work.
To see the colors and textures of the boards as well, be careful to have good lighting, and not try to work with the Sun The best light bulbs for installation of natural light from windows. This allows you to control the color and texture of each installed adapter.
Open several boxes at once. This way, you will soon notice a board with a different color and texture and can be discarded.
Experienced specialists in flooring are always ready board in advance, and throw a few lines of their already rolled onto waxed paper. During the design of the plate or a specific pattern with the material of variable length. When working with a nail gun, you will not have time to think about how you think about installing the right piece of wood. Alignment of several rows of material saves a lot of time before the installation.
If in the preparation and design of materials that you are, then with your hands at the time of installation, you can place your legs. The wooden board can slip easily onto waxed paper, and you do not need to stoop to push every time another band of hardwood, you can just push with your foot!
How to install hardwood flooring to improve with a nail gun?By John Evans, S
Ads by Google75% off rugs or carpets www.AURugs.com AreaRugs available in all colors, designs and shapes. Free Shipping every day!Search for natural floors? Search www.Facebook.com natural soils on Facebook. ? Register Now!Linear Stapler China Auto www.haiersmedical.com Rechargeable Staplers linear competitive prices on Haier Now!Nail the flooring installation requires skills and even some professional installers spend a lot of physical effort while. It is useful to learn how novice installers can do the job faster and easier, some of these techniques and basic skills. Here are some steps:
Make sure that the equipment supplied to the object in advance, preferably two or three days. During this time he will acquire the ambient temperature and humidity where it should be installed.
Do not rush the box open with hardwood and start working. First check all the boxes when they have the same color, and compare the number of series. Sometimes happy customers buy supplies for sale, where sellers can either mix the lot numbers listed by an accident or the remains of the remaining shares.
The humidity for hardwood ? it?s worst enemies of a hardwood, so always to pre-install. If it turns out, it will be above the normal value, it is best to wait, and never commit the client?s request to install the floor as quickly as possible. Many types of wood can warp from excessive moisture.
In addition, the moisture of the paint and wall tile on wood quality. Therefore, it is important to begin to install hardwood after all the work.
To see the colors and textures of the boards as well, be careful to have good lighting, and not try to work with the Sun The best light bulbs for installation of natural light from windows. This allows you to control the color and texture of each installed adapter.Open several boxes at once. This way, you will soon notice a board with a different color and texture and can be discarded.
Experienced specialists in flooring are always ready board in advance, and throw a few lines of their already rolled onto waxed paper. During the design of the plate or a specific pattern with the material of variable length. When working with a nail gun, you will not have time to think about how you think about installing the right piece of wood. Alignment of several rows of material saves a lot of time before the installation.
If in the preparation and design of materials that you are, then with your hands at the time of installation, you can place your legs. The wooden board can slip easily onto waxed paper, and you do not need to stoop to push every time another band of hardwood, you can just push with your foot!
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A 70 million-year-old Tyrannosaurus Bataar, unearthed in the Gobi Desert, is to be seized by the US Department of Homeland Security.
A New York court has issued a warrant forcing an auction house to return the fossil to modern-day Mongolia, where it was discovered about seven years ago.
The dinosaur was sold at auction in New York last month by Heritage Auctions, for more than $1m (?600,000).
But the court says it was illegally imported to the US via the UK in 2010.
The Tyrannosaurus Bataar, an Asian cousin of the better-known Tyrannosaurus Rex, is currently being held by a fine art property company in Queens.
Since 1924, Mongolia has enacted laws protecting fossils. They have been declared the property of the state and their export is banned.
The Mongolian government objected to the May auction but, despite an injunction, the sale went ahead.
Dorset journeyA spokesman for the dealer said that the skeleton had been taken in "good faith" and that it had been sold conditionally, subject to court rulings, and was still in storage.
Co-founder of Heritage Auctions Jeff Halperin said: "We have cooperated in the investigation process for palaeontologists to expeditiously examine the skeleton, and we will continue to cooperate with authorities."
The skeleton initially found its way to Dorset, in southern England, where a collector kept the bones in a warehouse.
It was then transported to the US under the erroneous claim that the so-called "T. Bataar" had been dug-up in Britain and was worth $15,000.
According to the lawsuit, the prehistoric bones arrived in Gainesville Florida in March 2010.
The first Tyrannosaurus Bataars were discovered in the Gobi desert in 1946 by archeological expeditions which were supported by the Soviet Union.
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Lauren Manzo has never worn a bikini.
But, having dropped 30 pounds in the last 10 months, the recurring player on The Real Housewives of New Jersey tells Us Weekly this is her new life goal. How did the reality star accomplish the feat?
She underwent lap band surgery in September - "I hated myself... I was depressed," Manzo says - to get rid of the initial 20, had the band loosened in May, went on a strict diet, worked out six days per week ... and then dropped 10 more.
Lauren Manzo before and Lauren Manzo after surgery.
"Getting the lap band was the best thing I've done in my life," says Lauren, who adds she feels "amazing" these days, but also warns of the procedure: "It's not a miracle button that lets you eat whatever you want."
The Bravo star hopes to lose 35 more pounds and credits her strong willpower, along with new skills in the kitchen, for helping her keep the weight off.
"I like food. I can't drink liquid egg whites for the rest of my life. So I've learned a lot of great ways to cook now."
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Associated Press Sports
updated 11:19 p.m. ET June 18, 2012
CHICAGO (AP) - Bryan LaHair knows a position change is imminent. He passed his first audition with flying colors.
LaHair and Alfonso Soriano homered to lead the Chicago Cubs to a 12-3 victory over the White Sox on Monday night in the opener of the crosstown, interleague series.
Making his first appearance of the season in right field, LaHair was tested early with a retreating catch to rob Gordon Beckham of extra bases in the first inning.
"I had a feeling I was going to get a ball early in the game, it always works that way," LaHair said. "I got a good read, got a good jump and took a good angle."
Manager Dale Sveum called the catch "as key as anything."
Highly touted first base prospect Anthony Rizzo is tearing up Pacific Coast League pitching and could be promoted soon, leaving the 29-year-old LaHair as the odd man out unless he lands in the outfield.
"After today, probably every day," Sveum said when asked how often LaHair will play the outfield. "Depending on what we do at first base, I think LaHair is going be out there quite a bit with (David) DeJesus in center field against right-handed pitching."
The big lefty also helped his cause by hitting his 13th homer of the season with one on and two outs in the third to put the Cubs up 2-0.
With winds gusting to 41 mph the Cubs had season highs of five home runs, 15 hits and 12 runs.
Starlin Castro and Luis Valbuena homered and had three hits apiece for the Cubs and Geovany Soto added a solo shot in his first game back from the 15-day disabled list.
Matt Garza (3-5) allowed home runs to Paul Konerko and A.J. Pierzynski, but limited the damage to three runs over six innings to earn the win.
Zach Stewart (1-2) was tagged for six runs and nine hits, including four homers, over 5 2-3 innings.
"You get two outs and then he just couldn't get that third out. They were swinging it," White Sox manager Robin Ventura said. "It was a night (the ball) was carrying, and they put it on the barrel a lot."
The Cubs exacted some revenge on the White Sox, who earned the sweep when the teams met at Wrigley Field May 18-20. The White Sox had won seven of the last eight matchups against the Cubs.
The Cubs scored 11 runs with four homers on Memorial Day against the San Diego Padres, and had 14 hits four times.
The White Sox have lost five of their last six and nine of 13 overall.
Castro added a two-run shot in the fifth, and Soriano hit a solo homer two batters later.
Soriano's 440-foot blast to straightaway center was his 13th of the year - all have come since May 15. He added an RBI single in the Cubs' six-run seventh.
His four homers and 10 RBIs are franchise records for a designated hitter.
"Not a lot of guys his age can do what he does," Garza said of Soriano. "There are very few, and the few that do, they're well respected."
Garza was referring to the rain of boos Soriano caught on the last homestand for not running out a dropped liner to third. The 36-year-old has been a lightning rod for criticism from Cubs fans in his tenure there.
"He cares so much about what he does and takes a lot of pride in his craft," Garza said. "He deserves a lot more respect from the fans than he's getting."
Stewart was roughed up in his first start of the season. Pitching in a long-relief role this season, he was called upon to give aces Chris Sale and Jake Peavy extra rest.
Stewart allowed nine hits and six runs over 5 2-3 innings. He was pulled in the sixth after allowing his fourth homer of the game to Soto, who had arthroscopic surgery to repair a torn meniscus in his left knee. He had been out since May 16.
Will Ohman gave up two runs in 2-3 of an inning of relief, and Nate Jones gave up four runs without retiring a batter in the seventh.
Valbuena's three-run shot capped the Cubs' big inning.
Pierzynski hit a solo homer in the fifth, his 12th of the season and Konerko hit his 13th, a two-run shot, in the sixth.
Garza gave up three runs and five hits over six innings. He struck out six and issued one walk.
Notes: The announced paid attendance was 33,215. . The Cubs placed RHP Ryan Dempster (right lat tightness) on the 15-day DL and recalled RHP Scott Maine from Triple-A Iowa. . C Welington Castillo was optioned to Iowa to accommodate Soto's roster spot. . The White Sox agreed to terms on a minor-league contract with first-round draft pick Courtney Hawkins. Hawkins, the 13th overall pick, will report to Advanced Rookie League Bristol. . Chicago Bulls Hall of Famer Scottie Pippen threw out the first pitch. . The Cubs will send Travis Wood (0-3, 4.58 ERA) to the hill on Tuesday against Peavy (6-2, 2.91).
? 2012 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
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More newsGetty ImagesR.A. Dickey became the first major league pitcher in 24 years to throw consecutive one-hitters and Ike Davis hit a grand slam to lead the New York Mets past the Baltimore Orioles 5-0 on Monday night.
NEW YORK (AP) - CC Sabathia struck out 10, Derek Jeter drove in three runs and the New York Yankees won their 10th straight game, beating the Atlanta Braves 6-2 Monday night.
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ScienceDaily (June 19, 2012) ? NASA is expanding its existing capabilities for doing plant and animal tissue investigations on the International Space Station with the delivery of a new centrifuge scheduled for this summer. The centrifuge is a NASA and commercial industry collaboration, and will be housed in the NanoRacks facility.
The small Gravitational Biology Lab will allow biological experimentation in artificial gravity -- from zero gravity to twice Earth's normal gravity -- for prolonged periods of time. The new facility will provide environmental control, lighting, data transfer, commanding, and observation of experiments in Mars and moon gravity conditions, as well as mimicking Earth's gravity. This is useful for biological research, and could lead to advances in medications and vaccines, agricultural controls, and discoveries in genetics -- all beneficial to those of us on Earth.
NanoRacks hardware is available for many different investigation scenarios, including mini-aquariums, seed germination boxes, plant growth chambers, mammal and plant cell culture units, along with multi-generation chambers for fruit flies. There have been several multi-generational investigations involving drosophila -- a type of fruit fly. Drosophila has a similar genetic makeup to humans, and can serve as a genetic model for several human disease studies.
There are already two NanoRacks research platforms in use on the space station, including two microscopes. More than 35 investigations have already used the NanoRacks facilities, which operate under a Space Act Agreement with NASA and the U.S. National Lab. In 2005, Congress designated the space station a national laboratory in an effort to include other government organizations, schools and universities and private companies in the use of the orbiting lab facility, increasing the amount of research being done in microgravity.
The centrifuge is a joint venture between Astrium Space Transportation and NanoRacks LLC, with more joint projects planned. Additional facilities also are planned, with a Plate Reader scheduled for delivery this year to allow on-site microbiological analysis, expanding life science and biological research.
"This is an important step in the expansion of National Lab facilities aboard the space station," said Marybeth Edeen, former U.S. National Lab manager at NASA's Johnson Space Center. "Having companies develop research and facilities for the National Lab with their own funding demonstrates the beginnings of the commercial space marketplace that the National Lab was created to serve."
Centrifuges have been used in space since 1985 to conduct more than 130 experiments on 25 shuttle missions, resulting in the publication of more than 300 scientific papers. This heritage provides a large variety of flight-proven experiment designs now available for use by researchers for all types of molecular and cellular investigations on animal and plant tissues. The new NanoRacks facility design will provide fully automated culturing of cells and tissue, including "plug-and-play" payloads that require only a standard computer USB connection to access needed power and environmental controls.
Station crew members and researchers are looking forward to the addition of this new centrifuge. What they will learn from the research in the new facility can be used to better life on Earth, as well as provide knowledge to help advance future long-duration human spaceflight missions.
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Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.
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FILE This Monday April 16, 2012 file photo provided by LOCOG shows an aerial view of the Olympic Park showing the London 2012 Olympic Stadium, foreground and the Aquatics Center, white building at left. London will be the social media Olympics. For all the history and tradition associated with London, a very modern-day phenomemon will play a prominent role at the upcoming Summer Games. Tweet this: These will be the first Olympics told in 140 characters or less. The London Games will be the most tweeted, micro-blogged, liked and tagged in history, with fans offered a never before seen insider's view of what many are calling the social media Olympics, or the "socialympics." (AP Photo/Anthony Charlton/LOCOG)
FILE This Monday April 16, 2012 file photo provided by LOCOG shows an aerial view of the Olympic Park showing the London 2012 Olympic Stadium, foreground and the Aquatics Center, white building at left. London will be the social media Olympics. For all the history and tradition associated with London, a very modern-day phenomemon will play a prominent role at the upcoming Summer Games. Tweet this: These will be the first Olympics told in 140 characters or less. The London Games will be the most tweeted, micro-blogged, liked and tagged in history, with fans offered a never before seen insider's view of what many are calling the social media Olympics, or the "socialympics." (AP Photo/Anthony Charlton/LOCOG)
LONDON (AP) ? Tweet this: The London Games will be the first Olympics told in 140 characters or less.
The London Games will be the most tweeted, liked and tagged in history, with fans offered a never before seen insider's view of what many are calling the social media Olympics, or the "socialympics."
Hash tags, (at) signs and "like" symbols will be as prevalent as national flags, Olympic pins and medal ceremonies. Some athletes may spend more time on Twitter and Facebook than the playing field.
Mobile phones have become smarter, laptops lighter and tablet devices a must-have for technology lovers ? meaning social-savvy fans, whether watching on television or inside the Olympic stadium itself, will be almost constantly online.
Organizers expect more tweets, Facebook posts, videos and photos to be shared from London than any other sports event in history. The 2010 Winter Games in Vancouver offered just a small glimpse of what's to come.
"Vancouver was just the first snowflake," said Alex Hout, the International Olympic Committee's head of social media. "This is going to be a big snowball."
Twitter is already braced for a surge of traffic. Launched in 2006, it has become a key outlet for sports fans to trade messages during live events.
Users sent 13,684 tweets per second during a Champions League soccer match between Barcelona and Chelsea in April, a record volume of tweets for a sporting event ? busier even than the 2012 Super Bowl. Chances are good that will be one of the records broken in London.
"It could be the 100-meter final or something unexpected," said Lewis Wiltshire, Twitter U.K.'s head of sport.
At the last Summer Olympics in Beijing in 2008, Twitter had about 6 million users and Facebook 100 million. Today, the figure is 140 million for Twitter and 900 million for Facebook.
"In Sydney (2000) there was hardly any fast Internet, in Athens (2004) there were hardly any smartphones, in Beijing hardly anyone had social networks," said Jackie-Brock Doyle, communications director of London organizing committee LOCOG. "That's all changed. Here, everyone has all that and will be consuming the games in a different way."
Later this month, at trials in Calgary for Canada's Olympic track and field team, athletes will even wear Twitter handles on their bibs ? encouraging fans to send messages of support as they race.
Sponsors have also taken their Olympic campaigns online. Coca-Cola, Cadbury, Visa and BP are among those using Facebook to reach younger consumers. Samsung is even offering to paint the faces of Internet users with their national flag ? virtually, of course.
"They key difference from four years ago is that now almost everyone has a smartphone, which means everyone can participate in real time," said Adam Vincenzini, an expert at Paratus Communications, a London-based PR and social media marketing agency. "You used to have to be sitting at your desk to access various social media platforms. Now you can have your phone or tablet on your lap while you watch, whether that's at the pub or the stadium."
The IOC, with 760,000 Twitter followers and 2.8 million on Facebook, will host live chats from inside the Olympic village with athletes, allowing the public to pose questions using social media accounts. It has already created an online portal, called the Athletes' Hub, which will collate posts from their Facebook and Twitter accounts.
Under IOC rules, athletes and accredited personnel are free to post, blog and tweet "provided that it is not for commercial and/or advertising purposes" and does not ambush official Olympic sponsors and broadcasters. Social media posts should be written in a "first-person, diary-type format."
What about spectators using their phones and iPads to take photos and video?
"There is no problem with photo sharing," Hout said. "We encourage it. But monetizing is not allowed."
"People are allowed to film. They're allowed to do that on their phones," he said. "The thing that we ask is that content is not uploaded to public sites."
The reason is to protect the exclusivity of the broadcasters who shell out big money for the rights. NBC, for example, paid more than $1 billion for the U.S. rights to the London Games.
"We encourage the use of social media. We encourage athletes to engage and to connect," Hout said. "There are some rules to follow, there's no question about it. But we don't police the fans, we don't police the athletes. We don't do that. What we do is we engage."
Facebook launched an Olympic page on Monday that groups teams, sports, athletes, broadcasters and in one place. The site has pages dedicated to specific Olympic sports and links to Facebook sites for 60 national teams and 200 athletes, including Michael Phelps, LeBron James and David Beckham.
LOCOG also plans to announce new Olympic tie-ups with Twitter and Google.
But London Olympic organizers have drawn up strict rules for their employees and the 70,000 Olympic volunteers. They have been told not to share their location, any images of scenes in areas that are off limits to the public, or details about athletes, celebrities or dignitaries who they find themselves in contact with.
"We are not stopping people from using social sites," Brock-Doyle said. "We say there are lots of things about your job ? procedures, places you'll be and do ? that remain confidential. There are elements of your job you can't share with wider groups of people."
Athletes, too, will need to navigate the social media world carefully.
Australian swimmers Nick D'Arcy and Kenrick Monk have already been punished after posting photos of themselves on Facebook in which they cradled pump-action shotguns and a pistol in a U.S. gun shop.
The Australian Olympic Committee ordered them to remove the photos immediately. The swimmers have been banned from using social media for a month starting July 15 and will be sent home the day the Olympic swimming program finishes.
The British Olympic Association has offered advice to its own athletes, suggesting that "a few smiley faces and LOL's (online speak for laugh out loud) will make you seem more approachable and encourage more people to talk and ask you questions." What not to do: "Don't get into disputes with your audience."
British swimmer Rebecca Adlington, a two-time Olympic gold medalist and a leading medal contender in London, has spoken out about abuse she has received about her physical appearance from some users on social media sites. She has already blocked the worst offenders from being able to contact her, but insists she won't stop using Twitter, where she trades dozens of messages a day with more than 50,000 followers.
"I'm insecure about the way I look and people's comments do hurt me," Adlington said in a message posted on Twitter.
While some athletes prefer to tune out from social media to concentrate on their competition, others embrace the opportunity to interact with their fans.
"Letting people know what I'm eating, how I'm sleeping, what the venues are like ? people want to know what we're going through," U.S. gymnast Jonathan Horton said. "They want to know what it's like going through the experience and what we're up to."
All in 140 characters.
___
Follow Stephen Wilson on Twitter at http://twitter.com/stevewilsonap
Follow David Stringer on Twitter at http://twitter.com/david_stringer
___
AP Sports Writer Nancy Armour in Chicago contributed.
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